HVAC DESIGN
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| 1.Air Ducts Friction Loss Diagram |
| Major loss diagram air ducts - SI units |
| Friction loss in standard air ducts are indicated in the diagram below |
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| 1. Acoustic Calculation of Ventilation Systems |
| A procedure for acoustic noise calculation of ventilation systems |
| 2. HVAC Systems - Noise and Attenuation |
| Noise is usually defined as unwanted sound - noise, noise generation, silencers and attenuation in HVAC systems |
| 3.Calculating Indoor Temperature and Humidity Loads |
| Calculating sensible and latent heat from persons, lights, electric equipment, machines, evaporation from water surfaces, polluting fluids and miscellaneous loads |
| 4.Air Conditioner Efficiency |
| Air conditioner efficiency express the ratio between heat removed to watt of power used - EER and SEER
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| Cooling equipment systems used in residential and small commercial buildings often express cooling system efficiency in terms of the Energy Efficiency Ratio - EER - and/or Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio - SEER |
| 5.Calculating Cooling Loads |
| Calculating chiller and cooling tower refrigeration in tons |
| 6.Chilled-Water System |
| Chilled-water systems formulas - evaporator and condenser flow rates |
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In a chilled-water system the air conditioner cools water down to 40 - 45oF (4 - 7oC). The chilled water is distributed throughout the building in a piping system and connected to air condition cooling units wherever needed
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| 7.Cooling Loads - Latent and Sensible Heat |
| Latent and sensible cooling loads to consider in design of HVAC systems |
The design cooling load (or heat gain) is the amount of heat energy to be removed from a house by the HVAC equipment to maintain the house at indoor design temperature when worst case outdoor design temperature is being experienced. There are two types of cooling loads:
- sensible cooling load
- latent cooling load
- Cooling and Heating Equations
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| The sensible cooling load refers to the dry bulb temperature of the building and the latent cooling load refers to the wet bulb temperature of the building. In the summer, humidity influence in the selection of the HVAC equipment and the latent load as well as the sensible load must be calculated |
| 8.Sizing Ducts |
| The ductwork of ventilation systems are often sized with either the Velocity, the Constant Pressure Loss (or Equal Friction Loss) - or the Static Pressure Recovery Methods |
The design of the ductworks in ventilation systems are often done by using the
• Velocity Method
• Constant Pressure Loss Method (or Equal Friction Method)
• Static Pressure Recovery Method
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